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Physiological Reviews Jan 2004Mammals control the volume and osmolality of their body fluids from stimuli that arise from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. These stimuli... (Review)
Review
Mammals control the volume and osmolality of their body fluids from stimuli that arise from both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. These stimuli are sensed by two kinds of receptors: osmoreceptor-Na+ receptors and volume or pressure receptors. This information is conveyed to specific areas of the central nervous system responsible for an integrated response, which depends on the integrity of the anteroventral region of the third ventricle, e.g., organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, median preoptic nucleus, and subfornical organ. The hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system plays a fundamental role in the maintenance of body fluid homeostasis by secreting vasopressin and oxytocin in response to osmotic and nonosmotic stimuli. Since the discovery of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), a large number of publications have demonstrated that this peptide provides a potent defense mechanism against volume overload in mammals, including humans. ANP is mostly localized in the heart, but ANP and its receptor are also found in hypothalamic and brain stem areas involved in body fluid volume and blood pressure regulation. Blood volume expansion acts not only directly on the heart, by stretch of atrial myocytes to increase the release of ANP, but also on the brain ANPergic neurons through afferent inputs from baroreceptors. Angiotensin II also plays an important role in the regulation of body fluids, being a potent inducer of thirst and, in general, antagonizes the actions of ANP. This review emphasizes the role played by brain ANP and its interaction with neurohypophysial hormones in the control of body fluid homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Autonomic Nervous System; Body Fluids; Brain; Humans; Neurosecretory Systems; Oxytocin; Renin-Angiotensin System; Vasopressins
PubMed: 14715914
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00017.2003 -
Clinica Chimica Acta; International... Jun 2022Cytological analysis of body fluids (BF) provides important information for diagnosis in various medical conditions. We evaluated the analytical performance of the...
BACKGROUND
Cytological analysis of body fluids (BF) provides important information for diagnosis in various medical conditions. We evaluated the analytical performance of the UF-4000 BF mode for ascitic, cerebrospinal, pleural, synovial and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis fluids compared to light microscopy counting (LM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
223 consecutive BF were analyzed by UF-4000 and results were compared using Pearson's correlation, Bland-Altman analysis, and contingence tests at relevant cut-off values. This study also included the evaluation of precision, linearity, and carryover.
RESULTS
For white and red blood cells (WBC, RBC) counts in all BF, correlation was excellent with Pearson's coefficients R > 0,98. Bland-Altman analysis didn't reveal significant differences with limited bias for WBC ranging from -10 to -1 WBC/µL and bias ranging from -43 to -6/µL for RBC. At specific cut-off values for WBC, Se and Spe were 100% except for ascites (Spe = 98%) due to two false positive. Precision evaluated at three concentration levels was good for each parameter (WBC < 10%). Linearity was excellent for WBC (R > 0,99) and carryover negligible (<0,004%).
CONCLUSION
UF-4000 BF mode is a good alternative to manual LM for BF cell counting. This automated method gives rapid and accurate results which is important for therapeutic decisions.
Topics: Body Fluids; Erythrocyte Count; Erythrocytes; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Microscopy; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 35398022
DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.002 -
Genes Mar 2023The ability to associate a contributor with a specific body fluid in a crime stain can aid casework investigation. The detection of body fluids combined with DNA...
Body Fluid Identification in Samples Collected after Intimate and Social Contact: A Comparison of Two mRNA Profiling Methods and the Additional Information Gained by cSNP Genotypes.
The ability to associate a contributor with a specific body fluid in a crime stain can aid casework investigation. The detection of body fluids combined with DNA analyses may supply essential information, but as the two tests are independent, they may not be associated. Recently, the analysis of coding region SNPs (cSNPs) within the RNA transcript has been proven to be a promising method to face this challenge. In this study, we performed targeted RNA sequencing of 158 samples (boxershorts, fingernail swabs and penile swabs) collected from 12 couples at different time points post-intimate contact and after non-intimate contact, using the Ion S5™ System and BFID-cSNP-6F assay. The aim of the study was to compare the performance of the MPS and CE methods in the detection of mRNA markers, and to associate body fluids with contributors by their cSNP genotypes. The results of the study show a lower success rate in the detection of vaginal mucosa by the MPS compared to the CE method. However, the additional information obtained with the cSNP genotypes could successfully associate body fluids with contributors in most cases.
Topics: Female; Humans; RNA, Messenger; Body Fluids; Genotype; Base Sequence
PubMed: 36980908
DOI: 10.3390/genes14030636 -
International Journal of Sport... Jun 2002Recreational enthusiasts and athletes often are advised to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages (CB). The dual purposes of this review are to (a) critique... (Review)
Review
Recreational enthusiasts and athletes often are advised to abstain from consuming caffeinated beverages (CB). The dual purposes of this review are to (a) critique controlled investigations regarding the effects of caffeine on dehydration and exercise performance, and (b) ascertain whether abstaining from CB is scientifically and physiologically justifiable. The literature indicates that caffeine consumption stimulates a mild diuresis similar to water, but there is no evidence of a fluid-electrolyte imbalance that is detrimental to exercise performance or health. Investigations comparing caffeine (100-680 mg) to water or placebo seldom found a statistical difference in urine volume. In the 10 studies reviewed, consumption of a CB resulted in 0-84% retention of the initial volume ingested, whereas consumption of water resulted in 0-81% retention. Further, tolerance to caffeine reduces the likelihood that a detrimental fluid-electrolyte imbalance will occur. The scientific literature suggests that athletes and recreational enthusiasts will not incur detrimental fluid-electrolyte imbalances if they consume CB in moderation and eat a typical U.S. diet. Sedentary members of the general public should be a less risk than athletes because their fluid losses via sweating are smaller.
Topics: Adult; Body Fluids; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 12187618
DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.12.2.189 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 2003
Topics: Animals; Body Fluids; Dehydration; Fluid Therapy; Horse Diseases; Horses; Rehydration Solutions; Water-Electrolyte Balance
PubMed: 12683609
DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2003.tb02422.x -
Database : the Journal of Biological... Sep 2022Cancer biomarkers are measurable indicators that play vital roles in clinical applications. Biomarkers in body fluids have gained considerable attention since the...
UNLABELLED
Cancer biomarkers are measurable indicators that play vital roles in clinical applications. Biomarkers in body fluids have gained considerable attention since the development of liquid biopsy, and their data volume is rapidly increasing. Nevertheless, current research lacks the compilation of published cancer body fluid biomarkers into a centralized and sustainable repository for researchers and clinicians, despite a handful of small-scale and specific data resources. To fulfill this purpose, we developed liquid biomarker (LiqBioer) containing 6231 manually curated records from 3447 studies, covering 3056 biomarkers and 74 types of cancer in 22 tissues. LiqBioer allows users to browse and download comprehensive information on body liquid biomarkers, including cancer types, source studies and clinical usage. As a comprehensive resource for body fluid biomarkers of cancer, LiqBioer is a powerful tool for researchers and clinicians to query and retrieve biomarkers in liquid biopsy.
DATABASE URL
http://www.medsysbio.org:8080/LiqBioer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Body Fluids; Databases, Factual; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36053554
DOI: 10.1093/database/baac077 -
Amino Acids Jan 2017A review of studies on the body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids, including glutamate, glutamine, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, tryptophan,... (Review)
Review
A review of studies on the body fluid levels of neuroactive amino acids, including glutamate, glutamine, taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, tryptophan, D-serine, and others, in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is given. The results reported in the literature are generally inconclusive and contradictory, but there has been considerable variation among the previous studies in terms of factors such as age, gender, number of subjects, intelligence quotient, and psychoactive medication being taken. Future studies should include simultaneous analyses of a large number of amino acids [including D-serine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)] and standardization of the factors mentioned above. It may also be appropriate to use saliva sampling to detect amino acids in ASD patients in the future-this is noninvasive testing that can be done easily more frequently than other sampling, thus providing more dynamic monitoring.
Topics: Amino Acids; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Body Fluids; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glycine; Humans; Serine; Taurine; Tryptophan; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 27686223
DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2332-y -
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Jan 1989Six healthy adult mares were each given an oral loading dose of ormetoprim(OMP)-sulfadimethoxine (SDM) at a dosage of 9.2 mg of OMP/kg and 45.8 mg of SDM/kg, followed by...
Six healthy adult mares were each given an oral loading dose of ormetoprim(OMP)-sulfadimethoxine (SDM) at a dosage of 9.2 mg of OMP/kg and 45.8 mg of SDM/kg, followed by four maintenance doses of 4.6 mg of OMP/kg and 22.9 mg of SDM/kg, at 24 h intervals. Ormetoprim and SDM concentrations were measured in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and endometrium. The highest mean serum OMP concentration was 0.92 micrograms/mL 0.5 h after the first dose; the highest mean SDM concentration was 80.9 micrograms/mL 8 h after the first dose. The highest mean synovial fluid concentrations were 0.14 microgram of OMP/mL and 28.5 micrograms of SDM/mL 12 h after the first dose. The highest mean peritoneal fluid concentrations were 0.19 micrograms of OMP/mL 6 h after the first dose and 25.5 micrograms of SDM/mL 8 h after the fifth dose. The highest mean endometrial concentrations were 0.56 micrograms of OMP/g and 28.5 micrograms of SDM/g 4 h after the fifth dose. The mean cerebrospinal fluid concentrations were 0.08 micrograms of OMP/mL and 2.1 micrograms of SDM/mL 5 h after the fifth dose. Mean trough urine drug concentrations were greater than or equal to 0.4 micrograms of OMP/mL and greater than or equal to 172 micrograms of SDM/mL. Two of the mares were each given a single intravenous (IV) injection of OMP and SDM at a dosage of 9.2 mg of OMP/kg and 45.8 mg of SDM/kg. Excitation and muscle fasciculations were observed in both mares after IV administration and all scheduled blood samples could be collected from only one of the two mares.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Body Fluids; Drug Combinations; Endometrium; Female; Horses; Pyrimidines; Sulfadimethoxine; Synovial Fluid
PubMed: 2914221
DOI: No ID Found -
Biochemia Medica Oct 2020Joint diseases are conditions with an often progressive and generally painful nature affecting the patient's quality of life and, in some cases, requiring a prompt... (Review)
Review
Laboratory testing of extravascular body fluids: National recommendations on behalf of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Part II - Synovial fluid.
Joint diseases are conditions with an often progressive and generally painful nature affecting the patient's quality of life and, in some cases, requiring a prompt diagnosis in order to start the treatment urgently. Synovial fluid (SF) laboratory testing is an important part of a diagnostic evaluation of patients with joint diseases. Laboratory testing of SF can provide valuable information in establishing the diagnosis, be a part of a patient's follow-up and treatment with the purpose of improving the patient's health and quality of life. Synovial fluid laboratory testing is rarely performed in Croatian medical biochemistry laboratories. Consequently, procedures for SF laboratory testing are poorly harmonized. This document is the second in the series of recommendations prepared by the members of the Working group for extravascular body fluid samples of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine. It addresses preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical issues and the clinical significance of tests used in SF laboratory testing with the aim of improving the value of SF laboratory testing in the diagnosis of joint diseases and assisting in the achievement of national harmonization. It is intended for laboratory professionals and all medical personnel involved in synovial fluid collection and testing.
Topics: Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Gout; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Pre-Analytical Phase; Quality Control; Reference Values; Societies, Medical; Specimen Handling; Synovial Fluid
PubMed: 32774119
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2020.030501 -
Forensic Science International. Genetics Jul 2022The association of body fluids/cell types and donors in mixed biological traces is an important, but challenging task required to evaluate the value of evidence given...
The association of body fluids/cell types and donors in mixed biological traces is an important, but challenging task required to evaluate the value of evidence given forensic propositions concerning the source of the DNA. The linking of a DNA profile with evidence from presumptive tests or RNA analysis is not straightforward. Coding region SNPs (cSNPs) are a novel type of evidential markers that are both cell type specific and individual specific. They thereby provide a direct link between a donor and a body fluid in mixed biological stains. In this proof-of-concept paper we consider the evaluation of cSNP profiles given source level propositions and explore the use of the open-source software EuroForMix to compute likelihood ratios. The discrimination power of the cSNPs for various body fluids is investigated with simulations. We provide case examples where the type of biological material is questioned and where cSNP profiles can be used to assign a donor to a body fluid, and discuss how the results can be reported in court.
Topics: Body Fluids; DNA; DNA Fingerprinting; Forensic Genetics; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
PubMed: 35381476
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102685